Heating pipe diameter selection

The default unit pressure drop criterion is dP = 160 Pa/m

Glycol solutions have higher viscosity than pure water, which affects the friction coefficient (higher pressure losses).

The higher the temperature of water or glycol, the lower the viscosity and thus the lower the friction coefficient (lower pressure losses).

1 bar = 100 kPa 1 kPa = 0.01 bar

Propylene Glycol is considered a non-hazardous compound or one with very low hazard. It has not been found to cause allergies, does not show carcinogenicity and is not mutagenic. Contact with undiluted propylene glycol may cause eye and skin irritation, but these are harmless and usually subside quickly after contact ends. In the body, it is quickly converted to lactic acid (similar to how sugar is converted to energy in muscles). It is easily biodegradable in the environment

Ethylene Glycol is a harmful substance that has a depressive effect on the central nervous system. It irritates the nasal mucosa and conjunctiva. The body absorbs it through the respiratory tract, skin, and digestive tract. When ingested, glycol initially causes symptoms similar to alcohol intoxication, followed by (after several or a dozen hours) metabolic acidosis. When heating glycol, the resulting vapor can lead to loss of consciousness, while in small concentrations it causes nose and throat irritation and headaches. Therefore, special caution should be exercised when working with glycol.